The
principal constituents of food are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins,
fibres and water. Carbohydrates, fats and surplus proteins provide energy through the
process of metabolism.
Malnutrition
of varying degrees is not uncommon in a country like India and some form of nutritional
support is mandatory for patients who cannot acquire adequate normal diet.
Nutritional
support may be given by enteral or parenteral route.
Vitamins
These
are organic substances required by the body in small amounts for the various processes of
metabolism. They are usually not synthesized in the body or may be synthesized in
insufficient amounts. Generally Vitamins are classified as –
- Fat soluble vitamins
(Vitamin A, D, E, K)
- Water soluble vitamins
(Biotin, Folic Acid, niacin, pantothenic acid, B1, B2, B6,
B12) and
- Vitamin deficiency may
result from inadequate intake of food.
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